Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: The author argues that Dooney County isn't flat because the farms there have terraces, and terraces are only built to stop water erosion, which doesn't happen on flat land.

Conclusion: The claim that Dooney County is flat is definitely incorrect.

Reasoning: Flat land does not suffer from water erosion and thus does not require terraces, yet Dooney County farms are known to have many terraces.

Analysis: The reasoning here follows a classic 'Modus Tollens' structure: If P (flat land), then Not Q (no terraces). Since Q (terraces) is true, P (flat land) must be false. It’s a very tidy way of debunking a claim by showing its necessary consequences are missing. When looking for a parallel, prioritize an argument that uses the presence of a 'fix' or 'symptom' to prove that the condition it addresses must be present. Farmers are practical folk; they usually don't do extra work like building terraces unless nature forces their hand.

Passage Stimulus

Passage Redacted

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13.

The reasoning in the passage is most similar to that in which one of the following?

Correct Answer
C
It mirrors the structure: getting a lot of exercise → no trouble falling asleep → no use of sleep medication. Observation: Jack uses medications. Therefore, he is not getting a lot of exercise. This is the same two-step conditional followed by a contrapositive move used in the stimulus.
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