Passage Summary: Credit card companies argue that if you're the one making things risky for the business, you should be the one to pay for it, rather than making everyone else share the burden.

Conclusion: The principle that those who create financial risk should bear the cost of that risk justifies charging late-paying cardholders specific fees.

Reasoning: Late payers increase the risk of default, and without specific fees, that cost would be unfairly distributed among all cardholders regardless of their risk level.

Analysis: This principle is essentially a 'user-pays' model for risk management. To find an argument where this principle is 'most usefully invoked,' we need a scenario where a specific sub-group creates a potential cost that the broader group currently subsidizes. The ideal answer will involve identifying a high-risk behavior and proposing a targeted fee to ensure the risk-creator internalizes the cost. We are looking for a parallel application of 'risk equals responsibility.'