ParadoxDiff: Easy

Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: Cuttlefish can make themselves look big and scary, but they don't use this trick on things that want to eat them; they only use it on tiny fish that are completely harmless.

Reasoning: Cuttlefish have a 'startle display' to look larger, but they never use it against actual predators, only against small, non-predatory fish.

Analysis: The paradox here is why an animal would evolve and use a defense mechanism against creatures that aren't actually dangerous. To resolve this, we need a reason why scaring away those 'harmless' small fish is actually a life-or-death matter for the cuttlefish. Perhaps those small fish steal the cuttlefish's food, or maybe they make so much noise that they attract real predators. Look for an answer that explains a hidden benefit of keeping those small fish at a distance.

Passage Stimulus

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8.

Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why cuttlefish use startle displays?

Correct Answer
B
If groups of small fish tend to attract a cuttlefish’s predators, then using a startle display to disperse those small fish reduces predator attraction. That explains why cuttlefish use the display on nonpredators.
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