Flawed ReasoningDiff: Medium

Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: The rule is that compromises make everyone unhappy. Since everyone is unhappy with this new trade deal, it must have been a compromise.

Conclusion: The recently enacted trade agreement is the result of compromise and negotiation between various interest groups.

Reasoning: Legislation resulting from compromise will not satisfy any involved groups, and all groups involved in this specific trade agreement are currently unhappy.

Analysis: This argument commits a classic formal logic error known as 'affirming the consequent.' The premise sets up a conditional: If Compromise, then Unhappy. The author then observes 'Unhappy' and concludes 'Compromise.' This is a flawed reversal because there could be many other reasons why the interest groups are unhappy—perhaps the deal is just objectively bad for everyone, regardless of whether they negotiated it. Look for an answer that describes this confusion between a sufficient condition and a necessary one. It’s like saying 'If it rains, the ground is wet; the ground is wet, so it must have rained,' while ignoring the neighbor's sprinkler.

Passage Stimulus

Passage Redacted

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23.

Which one of the following most accurately describes a logical flaw in the argument?

Correct Answer
B
The argument infers that compromise is necessary for universal dissatisfaction solely because compromise is sufficient for universal dissatisfaction. That’s a classic necessary/sufficient error (affirming the consequent).
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