Flawed ReasoningDiff: Medium

Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: Studies show that people who exercise more have less lung disease. Because of this, the author concludes that exercise is what's making people healthy.

Conclusion: Aerobic exercise is definitely responsible for improving people's overall health.

Reasoning: Multiple surveys have shown a correlation between frequent aerobic exercise and a reduced risk of developing lung disease.

Analysis: This argument makes the classic mistake of confusing correlation with causation. Just because exercise and lower lung disease risk happen together doesn't mean one causes the other; perhaps people with healthy lungs are simply more likely to exercise. Furthermore, the conclusion makes a broad claim about 'health' in general based only on data regarding 'lung disease.'

Passage Stimulus

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4.

The reasoning above is questionable because the argument

Correct Answer
C
The argument infers causation from correlation. From surveys showing exercise frequency is associated with lower lung disease risk, it concludes exercise must significantly benefit health, without ruling out confounders (e.g., smoking) or other explanations.
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