Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: We don't really know how different animals and plants depend on each other. Therefore, if we want to keep any species alive, we should try to save them all, just in case the 'unimportant' ones are actually keeping the 'important' ones alive.

Conclusion: We should attempt to preserve every species if we want to save any of them.

Reasoning: Our understanding of how species depend on one another is limited, so losing a species we don't care about might accidentally cause the extinction of one we do value.

Analysis: The columnist is moving from a state of ignorance (we don't know the links) to a broad prescription (save everything). To justify this, we need a principle that turns that uncertainty into a requirement for total preservation. Look for an answer that bridges the gap by stating that if a goal depends on unknown factors, one must protect all potential factors to ensure the goal is met.

Passage Stimulus

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23.

Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the columnist's argument?

Correct Answer
D
It states a precautionary principle: do not allow a change unless assured it won’t jeopardize anything important. That directly justifies preserving the maximum number of species under uncertainty to protect the ones we value.
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