Principle JustifyDiff: Hardest

Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: A publisher lied about a book's benefits, but because the lie was so obvious that nobody should have believed it anyway, the publisher didn't actually do anything wrong.

Conclusion: The publisher's decision to knowingly use a false claim in their marketing should not be viewed as an unethical act.

Reasoning: The claim that a book could make everyone exceptionally successful is something everyone already knows is impossible, as success is limited to a few by definition.

Analysis: This argument attempts to justify a lie by suggesting that the 'obviousness' of the falsehood negates the moral failing. It’s a bit like a magician claiming they didn't actually deceive you because everyone knows rabbits don't live in hats. To justify this reasoning, we need a principle that connects the transparency of a lie to its ethical status. Look for a principle stating that a false claim is not unethical if the audience is expected to know it is false or if the claim is clearly impossible to fulfill.

Passage Stimulus

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25.

Which one of the following principles, if valid, most strongly supports the reasoning above?

Correct Answer
A
A gives exactly the needed bridge: Knowingly making a false claim is unethical only if it’s reasonable to accept it as true. Since “everyone knows” the claim is false, it’s not reasonable to accept, so the necessary condition for unethical conduct is missing; therefore, not unethical in this case.
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