Passage Summary: You need firm moral beliefs to see history as a moral story, but learning history makes you less likely to judge people, so learning history must stop you from seeing it as a moral story.

Conclusion: An increase in historical knowledge makes a person less likely to perceive history as a manifestation of moral themes.

Reasoning: Viewing history through a moral lens requires clear moral beliefs, but gaining historical knowledge reduces a person's tendency to make moral judgments about human behavior.

Analysis: There is a logical gap between the *act* of judging behavior and the *state* of holding clear moral beliefs. The premises establish that knowledge reduces the inclination to judge, but the conclusion relies on the requirement of having clear beliefs. To make this argument valid, we must assume that a decreased inclination to judge behavior is equivalent to, or results from, a lack of clear and unambiguous moral beliefs.