Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: Every brick house has a yard, and most houses with yards have two stories, so the author concludes most brick houses must have two stories.

Conclusion: Most of the brick houses on River Street are two-story buildings.

Reasoning: All brick houses on the street have front yards, and most houses on that street with front yards are two stories tall.

Analysis: This argument suffers from a classic quantifier overlap flaw. Even though all brick houses (Group A) are inside the 'yard' category (Group B), and most 'yard' houses (Group B) are two-story (Group C), the brick houses could easily be the small minority of 'yard' houses that are only one story. To find a parallel flaw, look for an analogy where a sub-group is part of a larger group, and a majority trait of that larger group is incorrectly attributed to the sub-group.

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23.

Which one of the following is most appropriate as an analogy demonstrating that the reasoning in the argument above is flawed?

Correct Answer
D
It mirrors the structure: Most public servants have never run for office (Most B are ¬R) and all legislators are public servants (All A ⊆ B). The flawed conclusion that most legislators have never run (Most A are ¬R) repeats the same invalid move from “most of superset” to “most of subset.”
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