Sufficient AssumptionDiff: Hardest
Logic Breakdown
Passage Summary: We are spending a smaller percentage of our budget on the medicine that actually works and more on the stuff that doesn't; therefore, the actual dollar amount spent on good medicine must have gone down.
Conclusion: The total amount of money currently spent on effective treatments for disease X is lower than the amount spent ten years ago.
Reasoning: The proportion of spending has shifted from expensive, effective standard treatments toward cheaper, ineffective nonstandard treatments.
Analysis: The argument suffers from a classic 'Percentage vs. Amount' flaw that we need to bridge. Just because the percentage of spending on effective treatments decreased doesn't mean the total dollar amount decreased, especially if the total spending on disease X increased significantly over the decade. To make this conclusion valid, we need a sufficient assumption that guarantees the total spending didn't grow enough to compensate for the percentage drop. Look for an answer that stabilizes the total spending or confirms it has not increased.
Conclusion: The total amount of money currently spent on effective treatments for disease X is lower than the amount spent ten years ago.
Reasoning: The proportion of spending has shifted from expensive, effective standard treatments toward cheaper, ineffective nonstandard treatments.
Analysis: The argument suffers from a classic 'Percentage vs. Amount' flaw that we need to bridge. Just because the percentage of spending on effective treatments decreased doesn't mean the total dollar amount decreased, especially if the total spending on disease X increased significantly over the decade. To make this conclusion valid, we need a sufficient assumption that guarantees the total spending didn't grow enough to compensate for the percentage drop. Look for an answer that stabilizes the total spending or confirms it has not increased.
Passage Stimulus
Passage Redacted
Unlock Full Passage18.Which one of the following, if assumed, allows the conclusion above to be properly drawn?
Correct Answer
E
If total spending on disease X declined over the decade while the percentage going to effective (standard) treatments also declined, then the absolute dollars spent on effective treatments must have decreased. This closes the percent-to-amount gap.
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