Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: Scientists put weird glasses on baby owls that messed up their sense of where sounds were. Even after taking the glasses off, the owls still couldn't get it right, so the scientists concluded the owls just stopped using their eyes to help them hear.

Conclusion: Once a barn owl develops a way to estimate where sounds come from, it no longer uses its vision to help locate those sounds.

Reasoning: Owls that were raised with distorting lenses continued to misjudge sound locations even after the lenses were removed in adulthood.

Analysis: The scientists are making a massive leap here. They assume that because the owls are still wrong, they must be ignoring their vision entirely. However, it's just as possible that the owls *are* using their vision, but their brains were permanently 'calibrated' incorrectly during that early development phase. Look for an answer that points out this alternative: the owls' visual-auditory map might be fixed and flawed, rather than simply turned off. It's a classic case of confusing a 'broken' system with a 'missing' one.

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18.

The scientists' reasoning is vulnerable to which one of the following criticisms?

Correct Answer
A
If the owls’ vision was permanently impaired by wearing the lenses while immature, then their continued mislocalization after lens removal doesn’t show they ceased to use vision—it could show they could no longer use vision effectively. This is a classic failure to rule out an alternative explanation.
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