PrincipleDiff: Hardest

Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: Because some dogs are genetically almost identical to wolves while others are very different, it proves that the 'wolf-like' dogs were tamed much later in history.

Conclusion: Some dog breeds must have been domesticated from wolves much more recently than other dog breeds were.

Reasoning: Genetic similarity to the ancestor (wolves) varies significantly between breeds, with some being much closer to the ancestor than to their fellow descendants.

Analysis: The argument makes a leap from 'genetic similarity' to 'timing of domestication.' It assumes a direct correlation: the more a descendant looks like its ancestor genetically, the more recently it must have split off. To support this, we need a principle that formalizes this link. Look for an answer that states that a high degree of genetic similarity between a domesticated breed and its wild ancestor is a reliable indicator of a recent domestication event.

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23.

Which one of the following principles underlies the biologist's argument?

Correct Answer
B
B captures the needed direction: if one breed is more closely related to wolves than another breed is, then it has more recent undomesticated wolf ancestors than the other breed. That principle underwrites the inference from genetic closeness to recency of domestication.
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