Principle JustifyDiff: Medium

Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: Since a small group of leaders could be great but could also be a total disaster, and democracy is always just 'okay,' we should pick democracy to play it safe.

Conclusion: Democracy is a better choice of government than rule by a few.

Reasoning: Rule by a few can result in the best or the absolute worst outcomes, while democracy is consistently mediocre.

Analysis: The argument relies on a 'risk-aversion' principle. It assumes that it is better to accept a guaranteed average outcome than to take a gamble that could lead to a perfect outcome but also risks a catastrophic one. To justify this, we need a principle that explicitly favors avoiding the worst-case scenario over the possibility of achieving the best-case scenario. Look for an answer that prioritizes stability and the avoidance of extreme negatives.

Passage Stimulus

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13.

Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the philosopher's argument?

Correct Answer
B
B states a risk-averse principle: in choosing a form of government, avoiding the inherently worst is better than seeking the best. Since rule by the few can be the worst and democracy avoids that worst case by being consistently mediocre, this principle directly licenses the conclusion that democracy is the better choice.
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