Flawed ReasoningDiff: Medium

Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: Philosophers say true happiness is a hard-earned, life-long goal, but Deirdre thinks they are wrong because a nice walk on the beach makes people feel good right away.

Conclusion: The philosophers who claim happiness is difficult to achieve are being overly pessimistic and have exaggerated the challenge.

Reasoning: While philosophers define happiness as the long-term satisfaction of reaching one's potential, simple activities like walking on a beach can make people feel happy immediately.

Analysis: The flaw here is a classic case of equivocation, where a key term changes meaning midway through the argument. The philosophers are discussing 'happiness' as a deep, Aristotelian sense of fulfillment, while Deirdre is talking about 'happiness' as a momentary pleasant mood. Because she isn't using the word in the same way the philosophers are, her evidence about beach walks doesn't actually disprove their claims about long-term potential. Look for an answer that identifies this failure to address the specific definition provided by the philosophers.

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6.

Which one of the following most accurately describes a reasoning flaw in Deirdre's argument?

Correct Answer
C
She shifts the meaning of “happiness” mid-argument—from the philosophers’ notion (sustained fulfillment of potential) to brief pleasurable feelings during a seaside walk—so her evidence doesn’t refute the philosophers’ claim about difficulty.
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