Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: If you are kind, someone loves you. If you love someone, you are happy. Therefore, kind people are happy.

Conclusion: Every person who is kind is also happy.

Reasoning: Kind people are always loved by someone, and anyone who loves someone else is happy.

Analysis: This argument has a classic 'gap' in its formal logic chain. We know Kind → Loved, and we know Loves → Happy. However, the argument concludes that Kind → Happy. For this to work, we need to bridge the gap between 'being loved' and 'loving someone.' The argument assumes that if someone loves you, you must also love someone (perhaps them). Look for an answer that guarantees that if you are loved, you are also a person who loves.

Passage Stimulus

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23.

The conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?

Correct Answer
D
D says: Whoever loves no one is loved by no one. Contraposing yields: If someone is loved by someone, then they do not love no one—that is, they love someone. Now we can chain: Kind → Loved-by-someone → Loves-someone → Happy, which makes the conclusion logically follow.
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