Flawed ReasoningDiff: Hardest

Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: While some people think staying healthy is just a matter of luck, studies show that people with more education tend to be healthier, suggesting that their smart choices are what keep them well.

Conclusion: Research indicates that good health is primarily the consequence of choosing a healthy lifestyle based on information.

Reasoning: There is a significant statistical correlation between high levels of education and good health.

Analysis: The author commits a classic correlation-causation error by assuming that because education and health move together, one must cause the other via 'lifestyle choices.' It is entirely possible that a third factor, such as socioeconomic status, enables both higher education and better healthcare access. Furthermore, the argument ignores the possibility of reverse causality, where being healthy allows a person to pursue more education. Look for an answer choice that highlights this leap from a simple statistical link to a specific causal explanation.

Passage Stimulus

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20.

The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument

Correct Answer
D
It flags the classic correlation/causation error: the argument overlooks that one and the same factor could contribute to both education and health, so the correlation doesn’t establish that informed choices largely cause good health.
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