Parallel ReasoningDiff: Medium

Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: Alice will only help out if two specific things happen. Since one of those things definitely isn't happening, Alice isn't going to help.

Conclusion: Alice will definitely not volunteer for the fund-raising drive.

Reasoning: Alice's participation is contingent upon two conditions: her brother volunteering and a majority promise; since the second condition is not met, her participation is ruled out.

Analysis: The reasoning here follows a strict conditional structure: A requires both B and C. Since C is false, A must also be false. This is a classic application of Modus Tollens involving a compound necessary condition. To find the parallel, look for an answer choice that establishes a requirement consisting of multiple parts and then concludes the result won't happen because one of those parts is missing.

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12.

In which one of the following arguments is the pattern of reasoning most similar to the pattern of reasoning in the argument above?

Correct Answer
C
C matches the structure exactly: Jim will go only if Sam and Elaine both go; Sam goes, Elaine does not; therefore, Jim will not go. That parallels P → (Q ∧ R); Q and ¬R ⇒ ¬P.
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