Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: For turtles to do well in a pond, the environment has to be good for them. Wallakim Pond is acidic, so the author concludes that turtles can't thrive there.

Conclusion: Wallakim Pond does not have a thriving population of turtles.

Reasoning: A thriving turtle population requires beneficial conditions, and Wallakim Pond is acidic.

Analysis: The argument contains a significant logical gap between the pond being 'acidic' and the conditions being 'not beneficial.' To make the conclusion follow logically, we must assume that acidity is incompatible with the beneficial conditions turtles require. A sufficient assumption will explicitly link these two terms, stating that any pond with acidic water cannot be beneficial to turtles. Without this bridge, the acidity of the water is just a random fact that doesn't necessarily prevent turtles from thriving.

Passage Stimulus

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19.

Which one of the following, if assumed, enables the argument's conclusion to be properly drawn?

Correct Answer
E
If conditions are beneficial only if the water is not acidic (Beneficial -> Not acidic), then by contrapositive Acidic -> Not beneficial. Combined with the given Not beneficial -> Not thriving (the contrapositive of Thriving -> Beneficial), acidic water at Wallakim yields no thriving population. The argument becomes valid.
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