Flawed ReasoningDiff: Medium

Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: Stress makes you feel bad and makes you sick, so the psychiatrist thinks that if you stop feeling bad, you'll stop being sick.

Conclusion: Actively overcoming negative emotions could result in an improvement in one's physical health.

Reasoning: Psychological stress is a known cause of both negative emotions and the impairment of physical health.

Analysis: The psychiatrist identifies a 'common cause' (stress) that leads to two different effects (negative emotions and poor health). The flaw lies in assuming that because these two effects share a cause, manipulating one effect will influence the other. In reality, unless the negative emotions are the actual cause of the health problems, fixing the emotions won't help the body. Look for an answer that identifies this confusion between two effects of a single cause.

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17.

The psychiatrist's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on which one of the following grounds?

Correct Answer
B
B correctly identifies the flaw: from the fact that negative emotions and impaired health both result from stress, the argument assumes that changing one effect (overcoming negative emotions) can causally influence the other effect (health).
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