Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: A builder used cheap materials to make more money, knowing it was dangerous, so the author says what he did was definitely wrong.

Conclusion: It was morally wrong for Mr. Kapp to use inferior building materials.

Reasoning: He used the materials to increase profit, and as an expert, he was aware that this choice created a serious safety hazard for others.

Analysis: We have the facts (he knew it was dangerous and did it for profit) and the moral judgment (it was wrong). To bridge this gap, we need a rule that says 'If you knowingly put people at risk for profit, you are doing something wrong.' Look for a principle that guarantees the 'wrongness' of his actions based on the specific conditions provided in the premises. The correct answer will function as a bridge between the builder's knowledge and the moral conclusion.

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18.

The argument's conclusion is properly drawn if which one of the following is assumed?

Correct Answer
D
D supplies exactly the needed moral bridge: if it’s wrong to knowingly put people at serious risk for profit, then given Kapp realized the risk and acted to maximize profit, the conclusion that his action was wrong follows.
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