Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: The author argues that polluting Mars through mining isn't wrong because the only two reasons pollution is bad are human harm or ecosystem harm, and the humans there will be perfectly safe.

Conclusion: It is not morally wrong to conduct mining operations on Mars even if they cause pollution.

Reasoning: The author claims pollution is only wrong if it harms humans or valuable ecosystems; since humans on Mars are protected from harm, the only remaining hurdle is the ecosystem.

Analysis: The argument sets up a 'this or that' framework for why pollution is wrong and then knocks down the 'human harm' pillar. To guarantee the conclusion that mining isn't wrong, we must also knock down the 'ecosystem' pillar. The logic is currently incomplete because we don't know if Martian ecosystems are 'valuable in themselves.' Look for an answer that explicitly states Martian ecosystems lack this inherent value, effectively closing the only remaining door to a 'wrong' verdict.

Passage Stimulus

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4.

The conclusion drawn above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?

Correct Answer
B
If there are no ecosystems on Mars, then the ecosystem-based reason for wrongness is off the table, and the stimulus already rules out human harm. With both disjuncts eliminated, it’s not wrong to perform mining operations on Mars, so the conclusion follows.
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