Flawed ReasoningDiff: Hardest
Logic Breakdown
Passage Summary: Watching funny videos helps patients get better. Because the people who laugh easily anyway showed the most improvement, the author claims that even a tiny chuckle from a 'laugher' is better than a belly laugh from a 'grump.'
Conclusion: Patients who are naturally more inclined to laugh receive more health benefits from a small amount of laughter than less-inclined patients receive from a large amount of laughter.
Reasoning: A study showed that immune systems improved when patients watched funny videos, but the biggest improvements were seen in patients who already had a high natural tendency to laugh.
Analysis: The author is guilty of a major 'degree' confusion. The study tells us that people with a high *tendency* to laugh had the best results, but it doesn't actually measure or compare the *amount* of laughter they did during the study. The author assumes that the 'tendency' is the magic ingredient, rather than the actual act of laughing. Look for an answer that points out the argument compares two different groups without actually controlling for how much each group laughed. It's a classic case of over-extending the results of a study to make a claim the data doesn't actually support.
Conclusion: Patients who are naturally more inclined to laugh receive more health benefits from a small amount of laughter than less-inclined patients receive from a large amount of laughter.
Reasoning: A study showed that immune systems improved when patients watched funny videos, but the biggest improvements were seen in patients who already had a high natural tendency to laugh.
Analysis: The author is guilty of a major 'degree' confusion. The study tells us that people with a high *tendency* to laugh had the best results, but it doesn't actually measure or compare the *amount* of laughter they did during the study. The author assumes that the 'tendency' is the magic ingredient, rather than the actual act of laughing. Look for an answer that points out the argument compares two different groups without actually controlling for how much each group laughed. It's a classic case of over-extending the results of a study to make a claim the data doesn't actually support.
Passage Stimulus
Passage Redacted
Unlock Full Passage7.The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it
Correct Answer
A
A identifies the core oversight: the high-tendency-to-laugh patients may have laughed more at the videos, which would explain their larger immune gains without implying they benefit more even when they laugh only a little.
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