Passage Summary: Male guppies have a trade-off: having big spots makes them popular with the ladies but also makes them a snack for predators, so only the plain ones survive in dangerous waters.

Reasoning: Male guppies with large spots attract more mates but are easily caught by predators; small-spotted males get fewer mates but survive better in predator-heavy environments.

Analysis: This stimulus describes a conflict between reproductive advantage and survival. A trait that is beneficial in one context (mating) is a death sentence in another (predation). The generalization should reflect that environmental pressures, like the presence of predators, can limit the prevalence of traits that would otherwise be advantageous for reproduction. Look for an answer that highlights how a characteristic that helps an organism attract mates can be a disadvantage for its overall survival in certain conditions.