Flawed ReasoningDiff: Medium

Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: A class tested fruit at three different temperatures and found it stayed fresh longest at the coldest one. Based on this, they decided that fruit will always last longer the colder you get.

Conclusion: The colder the storage temperature, the longer these specific types of fruit will remain fresh.

Reasoning: In a test of three specific temperatures—30, 20, and 10 degrees Celsius—the fruit lasted longer at each progressively lower stage.

Analysis: This argument falls into the trap of over-extrapolation. The class observed a trend across three data points and assumed that this trend would continue indefinitely in a linear fashion. In reality, most biological processes have an optimal range; if you drop the temperature to absolute zero, you aren't exactly 'preserving' the fruit in a usable way. Look for an answer that identifies the error of assuming a trend observed within a specific range will hold true outside of that range.

Passage Stimulus

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11.

The class's reasoning is flawed in that the class

Correct Answer
C
It identifies the over-extrapolation from a limited range of temperatures to the entire range, which the evidence does not justify.
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