Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: The author argues that philanthropists couldn't possibly want nonprofits to be like businesses because one specific company, Byworks Corp, is a total mess.

Conclusion: Philanthropists do not actually want to make the nonprofit sector as efficient as the private business sector.

Reasoning: The Byworks Corporation is a private business that has been highly inefficient and has suffered significant financial losses for years.

Analysis: The author is guilty of a classic sampling error, using one failing company to represent the entire private sector. Just because Byworks is a disaster doesn't mean the general concept of 'business efficiency' is bad. The argument fails to consider that Byworks is likely an outlier rather than the standard for the efficiency philanthropists are aiming for. Expect an answer that highlights this use of an unrepresentative example.

Passage Stimulus

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3.

The reasoning of the argument in the letter is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument

Correct Answer
B
B correctly identifies the flaw: it treats one member of a category (a single failing business) as representative of the category as a whole (private business), thereby attacking the target comparison with an unrepresentative example.
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