Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: The president claims that if they don't get more students, they'll have to cut spending. Since they can only get more students through aggressive marketing, they must do that marketing to keep the school's quality high.

Conclusion: The university must market its programs aggressively to maintain the quality of education.

Reasoning: Failing to increase enrollment will lead to spending cuts, and enrollment cannot be increased without aggressive marketing.

Analysis: The argument sets up a chain: No Marketing -> No Enrollment Increase -> Spending Cuts. The conclusion then jumps to: To Maintain Quality -> Aggressive Marketing. The 'gap' is the relationship between spending and quality. The president assumes that if spending is cut, quality will necessarily drop. To make this argument valid, we need an assumption that connects these two: 'If the university reduces spending, it will be unable to maintain the quality of education.' Look for an answer that establishes this link.

Passage Stimulus

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20.

The conclusion of the university president's argument can be properly drawn if which one of the following is assumed?

Correct Answer
D
D supplies the needed link: if spending is reduced, quality will not be maintained. With that, maintaining quality requires avoiding spending cuts; avoiding cuts (by contrapositive) requires increased enrollment; and increasing enrollment (by contrapositive) requires more aggressive marketing. Thus, if we are to maintain quality, we must market more aggressively.
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