Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: Since historians can't be perfectly neutral when they write about history, the author thinks they should just stick to describing what people at the time were thinking.

Conclusion: Historians should stop trying to explain what happened and focus instead on explaining the perspectives of the people involved.

Reasoning: It is impossible for historians to be completely objective because they always bring their own personal biases to their work.

Analysis: The author assumes that while historians are biased when interpreting events, they somehow won't be biased when interpreting thoughts. This is a major logical gap—if a historian's bias affects their view of a battle, it will almost certainly affect their view of a general's diary or a participant's motivations. Look for an answer that points out that the 'new' task is just as susceptible to bias as the 'old' task. The author is trying to escape bias by moving to a different subject, but the bias belongs to the historian, not the topic.

Passage Stimulus

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12.

The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument fails to consider the possibility that

Correct Answer
E
The proposed shift in focus is unlikely to eliminate the effect that historians’ biases have on their work. If true, the recommendation doesn’t fix the problem the author identified, revealing the central flaw.
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