Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: Governments are paying farmers to plant trees to fight climate change, but because trees soak up less CO2 than the grass that was already there, the plan is backfiring.

Conclusion: Government incentives for tree planting are actually accelerating the process of global warming.

Reasoning: Trees are less efficient at absorbing carbon dioxide than the native grasses they are replacing.

Analysis: The argument relies on a critical 'Gap' regarding what was on the land before the trees arrived. For the conclusion to hold, the trees must be replacing something that was actually better at absorbing carbon, such as the native grasses mentioned. If the farmers were planting trees on empty dirt or concrete, the argument's claim that the incentives are 'hastening' warming would fall apart. Look for an answer that confirms the trees are indeed displacing these more efficient native grasses.

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21.

The argument requires the assumption that

Correct Answer
D
D is necessary because the conclusion depends on trees replacing native grasses. Negation test: If no incentivized trees are planted where grasses would otherwise be, then the study’s comparison (trees < grasses in CO2 absorption) does not apply to the incentive-driven planting, and the argument’s claim that incentives hasten warming falls apart. Hence D is required.
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