Passage Summary: The counselor argues that because people need a reason to change and being criticized harshly gives them a reason, only harsh criticism can make people change.

Conclusion: Harsh criticism is the only method that will successfully motivate a person to change.

Reasoning: Change requires a motive, and because harsh criticism is unpleasant, it provides a motive for the person being criticized.

Analysis: The counselor's logic is a bit of a bully; it confuses a sufficient condition with a necessary one. The argument successfully shows that harsh criticism *can* provide a motive for change, but it leaps to the conclusion that it is the *only* thing that can. It completely ignores the possibility that gentle criticism, or even positive reinforcement, could also provide a motive. Look for an answer that identifies this failure to consider other ways to achieve the same result.