Flawed ReasoningDiff: Medium

Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: People claim humans are special because we think things through, but since we are destroying the very air, water, and soil we need to survive, we aren't actually rational or better than animals.

Conclusion: Humans are not actually rational beings, and therefore they should not be considered superior to other animals.

Reasoning: Rationality is defined as the capacity for well-considered behavior, yet humans engage in self-destructive environmental practices like pollution and soil depletion.

Analysis: The author commits a sweeping generalization based on a specific set of failures. Just because humans often act in ways that are destructive or short-sighted doesn't mean they lack the 'capacity' for rational thought entirely. You should look for an answer choice that points out how the argument treats a failure to act rationally as proof that the underlying ability to be rational does not exist. It's a classic case of using bad behavior to negate a definition of a species' potential.

Passage Stimulus

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15.

The reasoning above is flawed in that it

Correct Answer
E
E pinpoints the flaw: it fails to recognize that humans may have a capacity (for rationality) without displaying it in a particular activity. Isolated irrational actions don’t negate the capacity.
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