Passage Summary: A sociologist argues that institutions can't make people evil because institutions are just made up of people in the first place.

Conclusion: The theory that people are born good but corrupted by institutions is incorrect.

Reasoning: Institutions are nothing more than groups of people, so the causal influence must flow from the people to the institution, not the other way around.

Analysis: The sociologist's argument has a gap: it assumes that a collective entity (an institution) cannot have an effect on its members that is different from the nature of the members themselves. To justify this, we need a principle that reinforces this 'part-to-whole' relationship. Look for a rule stating that a group cannot possess any quality or exert any influence that does not originate from the individuals within it. This would bridge the gap between the composition of the institution and its inability to change human nature.