Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: A politician claims that because oil companies aren't making the absolute most money compared to other industries, the government must be over-regulating them.

Conclusion: The regulatory burden on oil companies has become excessive.

Reasoning: If regulations were not burdensome, profits would be high enough to motivate risky investments; however, oil industry profits are currently not the highest among all industries.

Analysis: The politician's logic is quite messy. First, they confuse 'sufficient profits' with 'highest profits,' which are not the same thing. Second, they commit a 'Mistaken Negation' flaw. The premise states that if regulations are NOT burdensome, then profits will be sufficient. The politician then tries to conclude that because profits are (supposedly) not sufficient, the regulations MUST be burdensome. This ignores the possibility that other factors, like market demand or poor management, could be the reason for lower profits.

Passage Stimulus

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12.

The reasoning in the politician's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument

Correct Answer
A
A pinpoints the flaw: the argument presumes that profits sufficient to motivate very risky investments must be the highest among all industries, a claim the politician never justifies.
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