Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: The author claims that if 'doing the right thing' means 'getting the best result,' we can never truly know if we're doing the right thing because we can't see every single result of our actions.

Conclusion: If being morally right is defined as having the best consequences, then it is true that we can never know which action is morally right.

Reasoning: We are only capable of knowing some, but not all, of the consequences of any action we take.

Analysis: The argument has a 'knowledge gap.' It tells us we only know *some* consequences, but then concludes we can't know which action has the *best* consequences. The missing link is the idea that you cannot identify the 'best' of something without knowing 'all' of it. To make this argument airtight, we need an assumption stating that knowing only some consequences is insufficient to determine which action's total consequences are the best.

Passage Stimulus

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22.

The conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?

Correct Answer
C
C supplies the exact bridge: if knowing ‘best consequences’ requires knowing all the consequences, and we always know only some, then we can never know an action has the best consequences; so if moral rightness = best consequences, we can never know what is morally right.
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