Passage Summary: Maria argues that Edison proves you don't need school to be a great inventor. Frank counters that because today's tech is so complex, you need much more knowledge than Edison did, making Maria's point outdated.

Conclusion: Maria's claim that formal education is unnecessary for technological advancement is no longer true in the modern era.

Reasoning: Modern technological contributions require significantly more technical knowledge than was required during Thomas Edison's time.

Analysis: Frank's argument contains a subtle but critical gap: he equates 'technical knowledge' with 'formal education.' While he successfully argues that one needs more knowledge today, he fails to prove that this knowledge must be obtained through a classroom. He ignores the possibility that a modern-day Edison could still gain that extensive knowledge through self-study or hands-on experience. Look for an answer that identifies this failure to distinguish between the necessity of knowledge and the necessity of formal schooling.