Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: If you help someone just because you want people to think you're a good person, you don't actually deserve the credit.

Conclusion: A person who helps others mainly because they want praise does not actually deserve to be praised for that help.

Reasoning: Praise is only earned when an action is motivated by a desire to help others, whereas the desire for praise is defined as wanting others' good opinions as a sign of one's own goodness.

Analysis: The argument establishes a strict requirement for deserving praise: the motivation must be a 'desire to help others.' However, it concludes that a 'desire for praise' fails to meet this requirement without explicitly stating that the two motivations cannot coexist or that one isn't a subset of the other. To bridge this gap, we need an assumption that guarantees a person motivated by praise is not also sufficiently motivated by a genuine desire to help. Look for an answer choice that creates a mutual exclusivity between these two internal drivers.

Passage Stimulus

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20.

Which one of the following, if assumed, enables the conclusion of the argument to be properly drawn?

Correct Answer
A
A rules out simultaneous motives. Since desire for praise = desire for favorable opinions, aiding primarily for praise implies the action is motivated by favorable-opinion seeking. A says such a motive cannot coexist with a desire to help others. Given MeritPraise → Motive(help others), we get Not(Motive(help others)) → Not(MeritPraise), which yields the conclusion.
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