Flawed ReasoningDiff: Hardest

Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: A coach defends his team against critics who say they celebrate too much. He argues that since professional players celebrate even more, his team's behavior is perfectly fine and professional.

Conclusion: The team's effusive celebrations should not be considered unprofessional behavior.

Reasoning: Professional athletes in the same sport exhibit even higher levels of enthusiasm and effusiveness than this team does.

Analysis: The coach is falling into a classic trap by assuming that because 'professionals' do something, that behavior is inherently 'professional.' In the world of logic, we call this an equivocation on the word 'professional'—shifting from a description of a person's job to a description of a standard of conduct. Just because a pro athlete acts a certain way doesn't mean that behavior meets the ethical or social standards of professionalism. Look for an answer that points out this leap from what professionals *do* to what is *professional*.

Passage Stimulus

Passage Redacted

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18.

The coach's argument is most vulnerable to the charge that it

Correct Answer
B
It identifies the core flaw: the coach misinterprets “unprofessional,” taking it to mean “unlike what professionals do,” rather than addressing whether the behavior meets professional standards.
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