PrincipleDiff: Easy

Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: Since a witness feeling sure doesn't mean they are right, and other people's opinions can change how sure a witness feels, police shouldn't let witnesses influence each other.

Conclusion: Police should ensure that witnesses are kept separate and cannot hear one another during suspect identification lineups.

Reasoning: Research indicates that a witness's level of certainty does not necessarily reflect their accuracy and can be easily influenced by external factors.

Analysis: The argument moves from a factual finding—that confidence is unreliable and easily manipulated—to a practical recommendation for police procedure. The underlying principle must bridge the gap between 'confidence is a poor indicator of truth' and 'we should stop witnesses from influencing each other.' It likely suggests that we should avoid procedures that artificially alter a witness's certainty. Look for an answer that emphasizes protecting the independence of a witness's judgment.

Passage Stimulus

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17.

Which one of the following is a principle underlying the advice given to police officers?

Correct Answer
A
It states that people’s confidence in what they remember is affected by what others claim to have seen. That is precisely the factor the policy seeks to eliminate and dovetails with the premise that confidence can change without accuracy changing.
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