Flawed ReasoningDiff: Hardest
Logic Breakdown
Passage Summary: A poll found that half of the people think politicians should quit if charged with a crime, while about a third think they should only quit if found guilty. The author concludes the first group is bigger than the second.
Conclusion: The group of people who believe officials should resign when indicted is larger than the group who believe they should resign when convicted.
Reasoning: Survey data shows 50 percent support resignation upon indictment, while 35 percent support resignation only if a conviction occurs.
Analysis: This argument falls into a common trap regarding overlapping categories. While 35 percent believe conviction is the *only* reason to resign, it is highly probable that the 50 percent who want resignation at the indictment stage would also want it at the conviction stage. The author treats these as two mutually exclusive groups, but the 'conviction' group likely includes almost everyone in the 'indictment' group plus the 35 percent who are more cautious. Look for an answer that points out this failure to account for the fact that one group might be a subset of the other.
Conclusion: The group of people who believe officials should resign when indicted is larger than the group who believe they should resign when convicted.
Reasoning: Survey data shows 50 percent support resignation upon indictment, while 35 percent support resignation only if a conviction occurs.
Analysis: This argument falls into a common trap regarding overlapping categories. While 35 percent believe conviction is the *only* reason to resign, it is highly probable that the 50 percent who want resignation at the indictment stage would also want it at the conviction stage. The author treats these as two mutually exclusive groups, but the 'conviction' group likely includes almost everyone in the 'indictment' group plus the 35 percent who are more cautious. Look for an answer that points out this failure to account for the fact that one group might be a subset of the other.
Passage Stimulus
Passage Redacted
Unlock Full Passage25.The reasoning above is flawed because it
Correct Answer
B
The argument treats “only if convicted” (conviction is required: resign -> convicted) as though it were “if convicted” (conviction is sufficient: convicted -> resign). That is a classic necessary/sufficient mix-up. The 35% figure does not represent all people who think conviction is enough to require resignation; it represents only those who think conviction is required for resignation.
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