Passage Summary: An ornithologist argues that because Archeopteryx had curved claws like modern tree-birds, it must have lived in trees. A paleontologist counters by pointing out that chickens can also perch in trees but actually live on the ground.

Conclusion: The ability to perch in trees does not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that Archeopteryx was primarily a tree-dwelling bird.

Reasoning: The paleontologist cites the example of chickens, which possess the ability to perch in trees despite being primarily ground-dwelling creatures.

Analysis: The paleontologist's strategy is to undermine the ornithologist's evidence by providing a counterexample. By bringing up chickens, the paleontologist demonstrates that a specific physical trait—the ability to perch—is not a definitive indicator of a creature's primary habitat. You should look for an answer choice that describes this method of showing that a trait is not a reliable predictor of a specific behavior or classification. It is a classic move of showing that a condition is not sufficient for a conclusion to be drawn.