Necessary AssumptionDiff: Easy
Logic Breakdown
Passage Summary: Scientists thought a star explosion (supernova) created our solar system. Since those explosions leave behind a specific type of iron, we should see that iron in the oldest space rocks. Because we didn't find any, the scientists say the theory is wrong.
Conclusion: The theory that the solar system was created from a supernova's gas and dust is incorrect.
Reasoning: Supernovas create iron-60, which should have been present in the early solar system if the theory were true; however, no iron-60 was found in meteorites from that early period.
Analysis: The argument relies on a significant 'gap' between the evidence (no iron-60 in meteorites) and the conclusion (the hypothesis is false). For this logic to hold, the author must assume that those specific meteorites are a perfect record of the early solar system's composition. What if iron-60 was present but didn't make it into those specific rocks, or what if it decayed so quickly it's no longer detectable? The argument *needs* to assume that if iron-60 existed in the early solar system, it would definitely be found in the meteorites being studied today.
Conclusion: The theory that the solar system was created from a supernova's gas and dust is incorrect.
Reasoning: Supernovas create iron-60, which should have been present in the early solar system if the theory were true; however, no iron-60 was found in meteorites from that early period.
Analysis: The argument relies on a significant 'gap' between the evidence (no iron-60 in meteorites) and the conclusion (the hypothesis is false). For this logic to hold, the author must assume that those specific meteorites are a perfect record of the early solar system's composition. What if iron-60 was present but didn't make it into those specific rocks, or what if it decayed so quickly it's no longer detectable? The argument *needs* to assume that if iron-60 existed in the early solar system, it would definitely be found in the meteorites being studied today.
Passage Stimulus
Passage Redacted
Unlock Full Passage4.Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?
Correct Answer
E
The argument requires that if iron-60 were present early, it would be found in early-formed meteorites. Negation test: suppose early iron-60 could have been present yet not found in early meteorites; then the researchers’ result would not rule out the hypothesis. So E is necessary for the disproof to go through.
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