Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: We can tell how high volcanic ash is by looking at lightning, which is helpful because radar isn't always around to do the job.

Conclusion: Lightning discharge data is sometimes the only dependable way to determine how high a volcanic ash cloud is.

Reasoning: Lightning only occurs above 5km and correlates with height, and while radar works, it isn't available globally.

Analysis: The argument assumes that there aren't other methods besides radar and lightning to measure these altitudes. If there were a third, widely available method, lightning wouldn't necessarily be the 'only' reliable indicator left when radar fails. To find the necessary assumption, look for an answer that rules out other potential measurement tools or technologies.

Passage Stimulus

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17.

Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?

Correct Answer
B
B is necessary because if lightning discharges were not detectable in some regions without radar, lightning data could not sometimes be our only reliable indicator there. Negation test: If lightning discharges cannot be detected in any region lacking weather radar, then lightning discharge data cannot be our only reliable indicator of altitude in those regions, collapsing the conclusion.
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