Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: The author argues that we won't solve the climate crisis by just asking people to drive less or turn off lights; individual efforts are too small, so we need government rules to make a real impact.

Conclusion: Attempting to reduce carbon emissions by persuading individuals to change their personal fossil fuel habits is an ineffective strategy.

Reasoning: Even if a majority of people altered their behavior, personal reductions are insufficient to meet the necessary goals, and only government-level policies can operate at the required scale.

Analysis: To find the necessary assumption, we must identify a gap between the failure of 'convincing individuals' and the necessity of 'government policy.' The argument assumes that government policies do not achieve their large-scale results simply by successfully convincing individuals to change their personal habits. If the only way a government policy worked was through the very persuasion the author dismisses, the argument's distinction would collapse. Look for an answer that ensures government policy is not just a more effective version of personal persuasion.

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23.

The environmentalist's argument requires assuming which one of the following?

Correct Answer
A
A states the needed block: focusing people on personal fossil-fuel use would not result in successful pressure for government policies that reduce carbon use. Negation test: if convincing people would lead to successful policy changes, then the personal-focus strategy could achieve the overall reduction after all, contradicting the conclusion. Thus A is necessary.
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