Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: Some people want a government that respects everyone's rights, but the author says that's impossible because laws will always be manipulated by some people to get more power than others.

Conclusion: It is impossible to create a government where every citizen's rights are respected.

Reasoning: Governments must be governed by laws, and it is inevitable that some individuals will exploit the interpretation of those laws to gain more political power than others.

Analysis: There is a significant logical gap here between 'having more power' and 'violating rights.' The author assumes that if political power is distributed unequally, it is impossible for everyone's rights to be respected. To find the necessary assumption, we need to bridge that gap. Ask yourself: what if you could have more power than your neighbor without actually infringing on their rights? If that were possible, the author's conclusion would fail. Therefore, the argument *needs* to assume that unequal power inevitably leads to the infringement of rights.

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2.

Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?

Correct Answer
D
D supplies the needed bridge: it states that any inequality in political power entails a rights violation. Negation test: Suppose inequality in power could occur without any rights being violated; then the premises would no longer support the impossibility conclusion. So D is necessary.
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