Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: Winning the lottery is nearly impossible, but the news always talks about the winners. Because people see these winners on TV, they probably think they have a better shot at winning than they actually do.

Conclusion: It is probable that many people significantly overestimate their chances of winning a major lottery jackpot.

Reasoning: While the actual odds are very low, the rare winners receive massive media coverage, and most people are exposed to this coverage.

Analysis: The argument assumes a psychological link between media exposure and perceived probability. It takes the fact that people see winners and concludes that people must therefore think winning is likely. For this to hold true, it must be the case that people's estimations of probability are actually influenced by what they see in the media. Look for an assumption that connects the 'awareness of media events' to the 'overestimation of odds.'

Passage Stimulus

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21.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

Correct Answer
D
D directly supplies the missing link: becoming aware of jackpot winners leads at least some people to misestimate their own odds. Negation test: if awareness of winners does not lead anyone to misestimate their chances, then the media coverage/awareness facts cannot explain why many people overestimate, destroying the argument. Thus D is necessary.
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