Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: Since the tiny building blocks of everything are simple, the entire giant universe must be simple too.

Conclusion: The universe as a whole possesses an elegantly simple structure.

Reasoning: Because the individual particles that make up the universe are elegantly simple, the entire entity they compose must share that same quality.

Analysis: This stimulus demonstrates a classic 'Error of Composition,' where the author assumes that what is true of the parts must be true of the whole. Because this is an 'EXCEPT' question, your task is to identify the four incorrect choices that also use this 'part-to-whole' logic. The correct answer will be the one that does not rely on this specific structural flaw. Focus on the relationship between the components and the collective entity to spot the pattern.

Passage Stimulus

Passage Redacted

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13.

Each of the following arguments exhibits flawed reasoning similar to that in the argument above EXCEPT:

Correct Answer
B
B is the exception. If every part of a desk is made of metal, then the desk is made of metal. Material composition does transmit from parts to whole, so this reasoning is not flawed in the way the stimulus is.
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