Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: Some scientists think birds evolved from dromeosaurs because they look similar, but an expert says this is impossible because birds appear in the fossil record much earlier than those dinosaurs do.

Conclusion: The theory that birds are descendants of dromeosaurs is incorrect.

Reasoning: The fossil record shows that the earliest known birds existed tens of millions of years before the earliest known dromeosaurs.

Analysis: The expert's logic hinges entirely on the timeline provided by the fossil record. For the conclusion to hold, the expert must assume that the oldest fossils we have found actually represent the true chronological beginning of these species. If dromeosaurs actually existed much earlier than our current fossils suggest, the expert's 'fatal flaw' disappears. Look for an answer that bridges this gap by assuming the fossil record isn't missing millions of years of dromeosaur history.

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22.

The expert's argument depends on assuming which one of the following?

Correct Answer
D
D is necessary. The expert’s conclusion relies on using the known fossil ages to compare the actual origins of birds and dromeosaurs. Negation test: If known fossils do not indicate the relative dates of origin, then finding earlier bird fossils than dromeosaur fossils tells us nothing decisive about which group actually arose first, and the ‘fatal flaw’ disappears. Hence D must be assumed.
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