StrengthenDiff: Easy

Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: Scientists found that rats who love eating fat have more of a brain protein called galanin. Because of this, they think the protein is what's making the rats want the fat.

Conclusion: The presence of the protein galanin is the specific cause of a rat's preference for high-fat foods.

Reasoning: Researchers observed a correlation where rats that preferred fatty foods also had higher concentrations of galanin in their brains compared to rats that preferred lean foods.

Analysis: The argument jumps from a correlation (galanin and fat-eating go together) to a causal claim (galanin causes the fat-eating). To strengthen this, we need to address the possibility of 'reverse causation'—perhaps eating fat is what causes galanin levels to rise in the first place. An ideal strengthener would show that increasing galanin levels leads to fat consumption even when other factors are controlled, or that the galanin was present before the dietary preference developed. Look for an answer that reinforces the direction of the causal arrow from the protein to the behavior.

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20.

Which one of the following, if true, most supports the argument?

Correct Answer
D
If the rats that later preferred fatty foods already had higher galanin before being offered fatty foods, that supports the direction of causation (galanin → craving) and helps rule out the idea that eating fat caused the higher galanin.
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