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Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: A geologist argues that Earth is spinning faster because earthquakes are pulling its weight inward, much like a figure skater spins faster when they pull their arms in.

Conclusion: The increase in Earth's rotation speed over the last ten years is caused by earthquakes moving tectonic plates toward the center of the planet.

Reasoning: Physics shows that spinning objects speed up as their radius decreases, and recent earthquakes have moved mass toward Earth's center, effectively shortening its radius.

Analysis: To weaken this explanation, we need to find a reason why the earthquake-radius connection isn't the primary driver of the speed increase. We could look for an answer that suggests other geological movements are pushing mass away from the center, canceling out the earthquake effect. Alternatively, we could find a different factor, like atmospheric changes or tidal forces, that has a much larger impact on rotation than tectonic shifts do. The goal is to show that the 'skater' analogy doesn't tell the whole story of the Earth's recent behavior.

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19.

Which one of the following, if true, would most undermine the geologist's explanation of why Earth's rate of rotation increased over the last decade?

Correct Answer
B
If other geological events have counteracted the inward movements that occur after earthquakes, then the net effect on Earth’s radius is not the decrease the geologist relies on, undermining the proposed explanation.
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