Passage Summary: If you study history, you'll appreciate differences. If you reflect on your own life, you'll also appreciate differences. Therefore, if you study history, you must be reflecting on your own life.

Conclusion: Studying history leads to reflecting on one's own civilization.

Reasoning: Studying history results in an appreciation of past civilizations, and reflecting on one's own civilization also results in an appreciation of past civilizations.

Analysis: The argument commits a classic formal logic error by confusing necessary and sufficient conditions. It establishes two different paths (history and reflection) that lead to the same destination (appreciation). Just because you took the first path doesn't mean you took the second one. Look for an answer choice that has two separate conditions leading to the same result and then incorrectly concludes that one condition implies the other.