Flawed Parallel ReasoningDiff: Medium
Logic Breakdown
Passage Summary: Branson thinks that if we move people out of dirty cities and into the country, the whole nation will be cleaner because the cities themselves will be cleaner.
Conclusion: Moving people from large cities to rural areas would reduce the country's total air pollution.
Reasoning: Large cities are the main source of pollution and they would pollute less if they had fewer people.
Analysis: The flaw here is a failure to account for the 'redistribution' of the problem. While the cities might become cleaner with fewer people, those people will still produce pollution wherever they move. In fact, they might even produce more in rural areas due to longer commutes. To parallel this, look for an argument that claims a total amount of something will decrease just because it is moved from a high-concentration area to a low-concentration area. It's like saying you'll lose weight just by moving the fat from your stomach to your arms.
Conclusion: Moving people from large cities to rural areas would reduce the country's total air pollution.
Reasoning: Large cities are the main source of pollution and they would pollute less if they had fewer people.
Analysis: The flaw here is a failure to account for the 'redistribution' of the problem. While the cities might become cleaner with fewer people, those people will still produce pollution wherever they move. In fact, they might even produce more in rural areas due to longer commutes. To parallel this, look for an argument that claims a total amount of something will decrease just because it is moved from a high-concentration area to a low-concentration area. It's like saying you'll lose weight just by moving the fat from your stomach to your arms.
Passage Stimulus
Passage Redacted
Unlock Full Passage14.Which one of the following demonstrates most effectively by parallel reasoning that Branson's argument is flawed?
Correct Answer
D
D mirrors the flaw: since breakfast, lunch, and dinner account for most of the calories, it concludes Javier would consume fewer calories by shifting some of those calories into snacks. That just redistributes the same calories into a different category, like moving people (and their pollution) out of cities—so it doesn’t reduce the total.
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